Investigation into Chair Design Essay examples -- essays papers

Investigation into Chair Design For my Investigation into chair designs I choose to investigate how simplistic and basic the chairs have become. From Charles Rennie Mackintosh, who was renowned for his style and applied decoration to Philippe Stark who has taken simplistic to another level. I have investigated how the designers have used applied decoration to enhance the look of their chair, to how functional the pieces are (or in some cases un-functional! ). HIGH BACKED CHAIR - CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH - 1902 Mackintosh produced designs on a whole range of furnishings as well as his architectural designs. Many of these were purely functional but he also produced many ‘artistic’ pieces throughout his life. Because of the large amount of applied decoration on Macintosh’s pieces that it could be argued that each piece is a finely detailed work of art itself. Probably the most famous of such pieces are his famous high backed chairs. The high backed chair I have chosen to study was made for the International Exhibition of modern Decorative Art, held in Turin in Italy in 1902 The chair appears to have a very low seat, being only a quarter of the height of the actual chair, this also may perhaps be due to the fact the seat is fairly broad at the front, widening out from a fairly narrow back. The back of the chair is as wide as the back of the seat but tapers towards the top. This main support is framed with two tall slim struts. The construction of the low seat and tapering back makes the chair look almost abstract because of these bizarre proportions. In the photograph it looks as if the picture has been taken from a strange angle which has distorted the shape. There is little in the way of applied decoration on the chair except for the back, which on a portion is padded and covered in a light blue-grey colour. On this is a painted stylised rose bush design that fills the width of the padded portion. Beneath this is what appears to be wilting petals falling from the bush. At the top of the chair carved into a piece of wood is an organic form of sorts with the typical Art Nouveau whiplash stretching the length of it. Mackintosh was renowned for his stylised design - taking the natural form of something, for example a flower, and altering it to fit his style - this could possibly be a very developed stylised design Against the white wood work of this desi... ...d in adds plentiful character to the chair. The function of this chair is to be ‘fun’, to add character to someone’s dining room and I think that this chair would look good in any room regardless of the decor. From this investigation I was surprised by the range of different styles and forms that a chair could take. I enjoyed the form of the God Raysse, but my favourite would have to be the Pepe Chair by far due to its larger than life personality. From the ‘classic’, ‘traditional’ designers like Macintosh who revolutionised and popularised the style of Art Nouveau and to this day still has an impact and influence on designers world wide whether it be on furniture, windows or clothes, to modern designers who have also revolutionised the ‘simplistic’ style making it take many forms from ‘drips’ to ‘giraffes’. For instance the Pepe Chair took the high backed chair and gave it a modern day simplistic twist. Who knows where our rears shall sit in years to come? Shall we be sitting on more simplistic designs than the ones I have used as examples in this investigation or pieces complex beyond the imagination. Who knows? We shall just have to wait and see where our bums shall lead us! Investigation into Chair Design Essay examples -- essays papers Investigation into Chair Design For my Investigation into chair designs I choose to investigate how simplistic and basic the chairs have become. From Charles Rennie Mackintosh, who was renowned for his style and applied decoration to Philippe Stark who has taken simplistic to another level. I have investigated how the designers have used applied decoration to enhance the look of their chair, to how functional the pieces are (or in some cases un-functional! ). HIGH BACKED CHAIR - CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH - 1902 Mackintosh produced designs on a whole range of furnishings as well as his architectural designs. Many of these were purely functional but he also produced many ‘artistic’ pieces throughout his life. Because of the large amount of applied decoration on Macintosh’s pieces that it could be argued that each piece is a finely detailed work of art itself. Probably the most famous of such pieces are his famous high backed chairs. The high backed chair I have chosen to study was made for the International Exhibition of modern Decorative Art, held in Turin in Italy in 1902 The chair appears to have a very low seat, being only a quarter of the height of the actual chair, this also may perhaps be due to the fact the seat is fairly broad at the front, widening out from a fairly narrow back. The back of the chair is as wide as the back of the seat but tapers towards the top. This main support is framed with two tall slim struts. The construction of the low seat and tapering back makes the chair look almost abstract because of these bizarre proportions. In the photograph it looks as if the picture has been taken from a strange angle which has distorted the shape. There is little in the way of applied decoration on the chair except for the back, which on a portion is padded and covered in a light blue-grey colour. On this is a painted stylised rose bush design that fills the width of the padded portion. Beneath this is what appears to be wilting petals falling from the bush. At the top of the chair carved into a piece of wood is an organic form of sorts with the typical Art Nouveau whiplash stretching the length of it. Mackintosh was renowned for his stylised design - taking the natural form of something, for example a flower, and altering it to fit his style - this could possibly be a very developed stylised design Against the white wood work of this desi... ...d in adds plentiful character to the chair. The function of this chair is to be ‘fun’, to add character to someone’s dining room and I think that this chair would look good in any room regardless of the decor. From this investigation I was surprised by the range of different styles and forms that a chair could take. I enjoyed the form of the God Raysse, but my favourite would have to be the Pepe Chair by far due to its larger than life personality. From the ‘classic’, ‘traditional’ designers like Macintosh who revolutionised and popularised the style of Art Nouveau and to this day still has an impact and influence on designers world wide whether it be on furniture, windows or clothes, to modern designers who have also revolutionised the ‘simplistic’ style making it take many forms from ‘drips’ to ‘giraffes’. For instance the Pepe Chair took the high backed chair and gave it a modern day simplistic twist. Who knows where our rears shall sit in years to come? Shall we be sitting on more simplistic designs than the ones I have used as examples in this investigation or pieces complex beyond the imagination. Who knows? We shall just have to wait and see where our bums shall lead us!

Overview of the Social Security Scheme in India: ESIC Scheme Essay

Social Security is both a concept as well as a system. It represents basically a system of protection of individuals who are in need of such protection by the State as an agent of the society. Such protection is relevant in contingencies such as retirement, resignation, retrenchment, death, disablement which are beyond the control of the individual members of the Society. Men are born differently; they think differently and act differently. State as an agent of the society has an important mandate to harmonise such differences through a protective cover to the poor, the weak, the deprived and the disadvantaged. The concept of social security is now generally understood as meaning protection provided by the society to its members through a series of public measures against the economic and social distress that otherwise is caused by the stoppage or substantial reduction of earnings resulting from sickness, maternity, employment injury, occupational diseases, unemployment, invalidity, old age and death. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) defines Social Security as â€Å"the security that society furnishes through appropriate organization against certain risks to which its members are perennially exposed. The ILO concept of social security is based on the recognition of the fundamental social right guaranteed by law to all human beings who live from their own labour and who find themselves unable to work temporarily or permanently for reasons beyond their control. At the international level, the preamble of the Constitution of ILO also referred to the need and protection of workers against sickness, disease and injury arising out of their employment, pension for old age, and protection of the interests of the workers who were employed in countries other than their own. Thus, the right to Social Security was recognized officially for the first time. Subsequently, the UN General Assembly, while adopting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights also recognized the right to Social Security by stating that every member of the society has a right to social security. â€Å"Social Security† has been recognised as an instrument for social transformation and progress and must be preserved, supported and developed as such. Furthermore, far from being an obstacle to economic progress as is often said, social security organised on a firm and sound basis will promote progress, since once men and women benefit from increased security and are free from anxiety, will become more productive. There is considerable controversy about the social and economic effects of social security, and most of the current debate is focused on its supposedly negative effects. Social Security is said to discourage people from working and saving to reduce international competitiveness and employment creation, and to encourage people to withdraw from the labour market prematurely. On the other hand, social security can also be seen to have a number of very positive economic effects. It can help to make people capable of earning an income and to increase their productive potential; it may help to maintain effective demand at the national level; and it may help create conditions, in which a market economy can flourish, notably by encouraging workers to accept innovation and change. Social security measures are generally income, maintenance measures intended to provide a minimum living to the people when they are deprived of the same due to invalidity, unemployment or old age. The two basic elements of social security are provision of a ‘minimum living to those who are deprived of the same and ‘selective redistribution of income’ to a target group to reduce inequalities. Thus Social security is an instrument for social transformation and good governance. According to the ILO- World Labour Report-2000, the total security expenditure in India as percentage of GDP in 1996 was 1.8 whereas for the corresponding period the Social Security expenditure in Sri Lanka was 4.7, Malaysia 2.9 and China 3.6. In Argentina, the social security expenditure for the same period as a percentage of GDP reached the level of 12.4 and in case of Brazil 12.2. In comparison to Argentina and Brazil, the expenditure on social security in India is much less. The expenditure on social security cannot be directly related alone to the economic development. Intervention of the State would be essential and a co-relationship may have to be established for faster economic d evelopment. Social Security in India was traditionally the responsibility of the family/community in general. With the gradual process of industrialization/urbanization, breakup of the joint family set up and weakening of family bondage, the need for institutionalized and State-cum-society regulated social security arrangement to address the problem in a planned manner in wider social/economic interest at national level has been felt necessary. Currently, on-going measures towards transformation process for trade and industry, increasing role of market forces and increase in longevity, in general world over has added a new dimension to the issue and enhanced the requirement further towards a planned and regulated institutionalized measure in the form of social security in its common understanding. Social Security in Organised Sector in India The social security schemes in India cover only a very small segment of the organised work force, which may be defined as workers who are having a direct regular employer-employee relationship within an organization. Out of an estimated work force of about 397 million, only 28 million are having the benefit of formal social security protection. The Social Security Laws in India at present can be broadly divided into two categories, namely, the contributory and the non-contributory. The contributory laws are those which provide for financing of the social security programmes by contributions paid by workers and employers and in some cases supplemented by contributions/grants from the Government. The important contributory schemes include the Employees State Insurance Act, 1948 and the Provident Fund, Pension and Deposit Linked Insurance Schemes framed under the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1948. The three major non-contributory laws are the Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923, the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 and the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. Social Security in Unorganised Sector in India. As already mentioned, the coverage under Social Security is about 10% of the working population mostly in the organised sector. The vast majority of the workforce is in the unorganised sector, which includes agricultural labour, cultivators, small traders and hawkers, artisans and other self-employed persons, porters, auto-rickshaw drivers and other transport workers etc. Bringing them under formal social security coverage has been found difficult due to the following reasons: a) Seasonal and intermittent nature of work, leading to difficulties in meeting the qualifying conditions. b) Low level and irregular pattern of earnings and employment; c) Absence of employer-employee relationship leading to difficulties in determining the principal employer and in assessing and recovering contributions. d) Relatively weak administrative structure, particularly in rural areas. Under the Employees State Insurance Scheme and Employees’ Provident Fund Scheme a very small segment of workers in the unorganized sector are covered. The huge gap in coverage in the unorganized sector requires for a fresh strategy to extend coverage of both the schemes to the unorganized sector. The unorganised workforce is characterised by scattered and fragmented areas of employment, seasonality of employment, lack of job security, low legislative protection because of their scattered and dispersed nature, lack of awareness and high unemployment levels, perceived mis-match between the training requirements and the training facilities available, low literacy levels, outmoded social customs like child marriage, excessive spending on ceremonial festivities leading to indebtedness and bondage, etc., primitive production technologies and feudal production relations are further impediments not facilitating these workers to imbibe and assimilate higher technologies and better production relations. The unorganised Labour can be categorised broadly into four categories as follows:- a) Occupation : Small and marginal farmers, landless agricultural labourers, share croppers, fishermen, those engaged in animal husbandry, in beedi rolling beedi labelling and beedi packing workers in building and construction, etc. b) Nature of Employment: Attached agricultural labourers, bonded labourers migrant workers, contract and casual labourers come under this category. c) Specially distressed categories: Toddy tappers, scavengers, carriers of head loads, drivers of animal driven vehicles, loaders and unloaders belong to this category. e) Service categories: Midwives, domestic workers, fishermen and women, barbers, vegetable and fruit vendors, newspaper vendors etc. come under this category. The unorganised nature of the workforce, dispersed nature of operational processes and lack of institutional back up reduces their bargaining power and their ability to take full benefits from the Acts and legislations enacted for their benefits. Further, low skill levels of this workforce provides little scope for them to move vertically in the occupational ladder to improve their financial situation. The growth of informal, unprotected work with shrinking formal employment compels the workers to bear an increasing direct burden of financing social needs, with adverse effects on their quality of life. That burden may also undermine the capacity of enterprises to compete with global economy.

How does Coleridge tell the story in part 4 of Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay

Part 4 begins with another attempt from the Wedding Guest to get away, shown through the direct speech of the Wedding Guest, ‘I FEAR thee, ancient Mariner! ’ The direct speech is also used to remind us that the Mariner is telling a story within the poem. The capitalisation of the word, ‘fear’, is used to echo the honest and fearful reaction of both the Wedding Guest and the reader, following the tragic event that has occurred in the previous part. The first stanza is used to re-acquaint us with the characters in Coleridge’s poem and we are reminded that the Mariner appears to possess all of the features of a dead person, ‘long, and lank, and brown’, but is still alive, reaffirming his liminal state; he is somewhere inbetween life and death. In stanza 2, the ‘glittering eye’ motif is echoed, reminding us of the Mariner’s appearance, the singular eye implies that he not fully there, whilst ‘glittering’ possesses connotations of witchery, furthering the idea that the Mariner is a supernatural creature. In stanzas 3 and 4, Coleridge largely focuses on the isolation of the Mariner. In the 3rd stanza, we see the poet use a lot of repetition in order to communicate the true extent of isolation and his misery, ‘Alone, alone, all all alone, Alone on a wide, wide sea! ’ The anaphora emphasises his feelings of loneliness, whilst the assonance slows down the rate in which the poem read, allowing a lot of focus on his seclusion. In the 4th stanza, the Mariner equates death with beauty because his loneliness gets to such an unbearable degree that he is resentful of the dead mariners; they are free of the torture that the Mariner continues to endure alone, he sees the ‘many men [as] so beautiful! ’ The intensifier in the quote, ‘so’, demonstrates the mariner’s newfound love for humanity, as he misses their company, it also acts as an indication for his remorse, whilst the exclamation mark simply serves to emphasise the statement. He bitterly acknowledges that ‘a thousand thousand slimy things live on; and so did [he]. ’ Coleridge utilizes structure in this particular quote; the enjambment in the line helps to highlight that the horrors continue to live on; then with the use of the semi colon, the Mariner is able to liken himself to these unnatural and horrible creatures, highlighting the guilt that he continues to feel. By the 6th stanza, the guilt felt by the Mariner is so overwhelming that he is unable to pray, ‘I looked to Heaven, and tried to pray’. The constant semantic fields relating to religion in this stanza, ‘prayer’, ‘saint’, suggest to the reader that the Mariner is trying to bring himself closer to God; it also indicates that the Mariner has begun his attempt at redemption, as at this point, it’s so hard for him to ignore his own guilt. Despite his ‘prayer’ to God, he is unable to escape from his guilt through anything because of a ‘wicked whisper’. His guilt continues into the 7th stanza, ‘the dead were at my feet’, here, the dead mariners are not only a physical burden for the Ancient Mariner but also a burden, within his mind, on his already guilty concious. The chiasmus-like structure of the quote, ‘for the sky and the sea, and the sea and the sky’, in the 7th stanza reflects the mariner’s self-reflection as he’s telling the story, consolidating his role as storyteller. The deviation of the ballad form also establishes a re-focus of narration; the quote may be intended as another reminder that we are hearing a character’s story within a poem. The Mariner’s guilt is strengthened, in the 8th stanza, when he states that the accusatory looks of the mariners, as they died, have ‘never passed away’, not only have the expressions of the mariners stayed with him, but the general guilt has remained with him. The ‘cold sweat’ that ‘melted from [the dead mariners’] limbs’ makes them seem almost life-like, the oxymoronic language helps to convey their liminal state. In the 8th stanza, the mariner states that the ‘curse in a dead man’s eye’ is ‘more horrible than that’ of ‘an orphan’s curse’, reflecting the extent of blame received by the Mariner, as well as his general guilt and shame. His suffering is emphasised by Coleridge’s intertextual reference to the bible, ‘seven days, seven nights, I saw that curse’, as there is an implication that God is punishing the Mariner for destroying one of His own creations, the Albatross. Also, the quote suggests that the Mariner is becoming closer to both the idea of God, and God, Himself. The 10th stanza in part 4 marks a moment of change, as the Mariner doesn’t acknowledge his guilt. Coleridge also communicates the potential for change, as he returns back to the original ballad form from the sectet, implying that some sort of transition is about to occur. The celestial imagery used by Coleridge in the stanza, ‘moon’, ‘sky’, and ‘star’, reinforces the idea of transition, the sky and stars commonly symbolise hope and create a sense of positive anticipation, as well as the moon, which is often symbolic of change. The idea of transition is supported further by Coleridge’s use of gerund verbs, ‘moving’, ‘going’, in the stanza. Arguably, they imply that the Mariner is moving on from his previously overwhelming guilt and instead, embracing new ideas of nature, God and humanity in general. Indeed, in the 12th stanza, we see that the Mariner’s appreciation of nature is able to distract him from his strong feelings of guilt, ‘the water-snakes†¦moved in tracks of shining white’. The word, ‘tracks’, creates a contrast with the directionless mariner, he has been unable to connect with God and nature until now, when he sees the water-snakes and their ‘tracks’ offer him some sense of clarity and purpose. The 11th, 12th and 13th stanzas are all quintets; together they are able to reflect the Mariner’s transitional period into the glory of nature, triggered by ‘the moving moon’ in the 10th stanza. In the 13th and 14th stanzas, we see the Mariner’s newfound complete adoration for nature. Coleridge uses regal imagery to convey the mariner’s love for nature, and to reflect the change brought by the moon, ‘rich attire’, ‘glossy green†¦and velvet’. Additionally, in the 14th stanza, despite his description of the water-snakes regal aspects he is unable to express the beauty of the products of nature; ‘no tongue their beauty might declare’. His newfound admiration for nature has made him realise that the true beauty of nature is beyond the expression of mankind, and as he is humbled by religion and nature he believes that only God is capable of creating such things, ‘a spring of love gushed from my heart and I blessed them unaware. ’ The part ends with him finally being in touch with God and religion, ‘I could pray’, meaning that he is more connected to a high power, God. There is also a signature reference to the Albatross, ‘[it] fell off and sank like lead into the sea. ’ Albatross represents the burden, and the simile suggests that the burden of blame has finally been released. There is also the assumption that the Albatross is now back in contact with its natural habitat, the sea, a part of nature. The enjambment in the line creates and emphasises a more visual interpretation of the Albatross parting the Mariner’s neck, as it reflects the bird’s downward movement. By the end of the part, much of the Mariner’s initial guilt has been abandoned or at least temporarily distracted by nature. We also get the impression that the curse is over for the Mariner, as he is now starting to acknowledge and admire world’s beauty, however this is just Coleridge lulling us into a false sense of security, as sadly, the curse is far from over.

The Financial Crisis

The Financial Crisis Introduction Even though many intellectuals held that deregulation, poor supervision, lack of liquidity, casino banking, and Gaussian copulas are some of the factors that caused the financial crisis, failure to view the crisis from a multilateral perspective further heightened the situation. This is evident from the roles that international governments like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Union (EU) play.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Financial Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, risk management within the banking industry did not have to stop within the UK. In addition, managing the risks ought not to have been left solely to the bank employees and management. For proper risk mitigation, all stakeholders ought to have learnt all the possible risks that may occur in the sector. In this line, the financial institutions would have distributed the risk to all the st akeholders. Instilling financial literacy in stakeholders only could have been a positive move towards risk management strategies. On the other hand, some risks are extremely complex, thus may require the attention of expertise or technocrats. This may be absent in some stakeholder, hence making collaboration difficult. Having been used in the implementation of Basel II Accord, collaboration allows specialists to devise their own risk management approaches (Who was responsible for the financial crisis? n.d.). With this nature of approach to risk management, all stakeholders need to acquire basic financial literacy. Notably, creating a network of risk managers eliminates unknown risks, popularly referred to as Black swans. Moreover, the network enables individuals to question assumptions in the risk management process, avoid overreliance and belief on models, as well as impart skills to distinguish between predictable and unpredictable risks. For proper risk governance, individuals m ust interrogate the validity of the rules put forward for implementation; this eliminates instances of failure in managing risks. Banks might have had limited resources to recognise the extent of the financial risks. The involvement of many players in the management systems of banks makes it out rightly difficult to blame banks for the financial crisis. The intertwined system makes it difficult for banks to act outside the outlined frameworks. To manage such financial crises effectively in future, there is need for wider responsibility using the concept of knowledge supervision. Therefore, the United Kingdom’s government and international governments are also to blame for the failure of risk governance.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They ought to have involved expertise in the entire process, as well as trained all stakeholders on financial lite racy (Who was responsible for the financial crisis? n.d.). In essence, risk management requires a collective approach to avoid massive financial catastrophes. Risk Management Process The consequences of the financial crisis have made banks and other financial institutions to employ stringent measures of managing risks. However, the stern measures lacked strong implementation forces, as well as a centralised point to coordinate the entire process. Risk identification and categorisation use modelling, brainstorming, interviews, and analysis of project plans and different scenarios as key methods. After identification of risks, evaluation and ranking occurs in order to prioritise risks for management and effective allocation of resources in any sector. Under risk management, there are four key stages irrespective of the sector of application. Risk awareness, assessment, evaluation, and absorption are the four stages of managing any form of threat. In the banking industry, risk manageme nt remains the best option to curtail possible financial scarcity. If the banks could have understood the liquidity issues and the need for effective regulation, they could have put up necessary measures to curb the eventual financial meltdown. From the manner in which the banks dealt with the situation, it is evident that lack of unrivalled coordination was absent. Under risk awareness, identification of possible risks that can affect the banking industry is examined. After proper risk awareness or identification, it becomes easy to assess all the sources of such risks. In this stage, each risk receives a specific assessment procedure to ascertain its level of influence in case it occurs. The uncertainty perspective approach is the most preferable approach in the risk identification segment given that it does not only determine all possible sources of threats, but determines also all possible sources of positive risks or opportunities. With increasing changes in the banking industr y, there are always unrelenting follow-ups and frequent updating of the identification lists as per the knowledge and comprehension of the business atmosphere. If the approach could have been applied, the financial crisis could not have occurred.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Financial Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Risk assessment helps firms to group risks according to their severity. The process helps financial strategists to prioritise risks as per their occurrence probability, as well as address uncertainty through effective decision-making. After risk assessment, vivid evaluation and estimation in terms of the probability of occurrence and consequence take place. Here, a clear comprehension on the major effects of the risks on the operations of financial institutions is imperative. Evaluation and ranking occurs in order to prioritise risks for management and effective allocation of re sources. The financial institutions ought to have evaluated all possible causes of financial crises, as this would have made it possible for the sector to absorb all the risks, which led the country to one of the worst financial crisis. In risk analysis within the banking industry, remedies like holding greater amounts of capital reserves in terms of liquidated assets could have minimised the extent of the crisis. Notably, the entire risk management process requires the inclusion of several numbers of actors; the actors should have sufficient skills in financial operations. This could have ensured that there is complete accountability and authority, shared responsibility, interdependence, and coordination of government’s roles. Shareholders, customers, government, and SMEs have close tie with banks; these stakeholders ought to have adequate knowledge on bank operations in order to be in a position to avert such disasters (Who was responsible for the financial crisis? n.d.). I n the case of stakeholders, there are voluntary and involuntary groups. For instance, the government can set boundaries for its financial institutions to follow in their operations. This did not occur at the time of the crisis. Since no single stakeholder can provide knowledgeable supervision on banking risks, the entire group of stakeholders ought to have taken full initiative of providing supervisory duties to the banking industry. Moreover, a systematic approach to managing risk as opposed to event-focused approach works well for the banking industry, as the former involves monitoring of signals, making use of existing knowledge, instead of searching for the unpredictable aspects.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even though financial institutions had put in place some risk management strategies to curb the crisis, less was done to move the whole process to completion. This made the risk management process ineffective, thus failing to address the crisis. Conclusion In essence, the government’s coordination role, shared responsibility, interdependence, and authority versus accountability are the basic principles in controlling the occurrence of financial shocks in an economy. International governments and financial institutions, such as banks have to understand that financial literacy has to cut across the masses in order to support risk governance using both the old and new models. Since the society establishes the boundary of bank operations, it remains vital that knowledge supervision should be part of the society and those within the banking industry. The crisis required a collective approach to avert its massive effects on other sectors of the economy. Reference Who was responsibl e for the financial crisis? n.d..

Bulletin Boards as a Part of a Learning Environment

Bulletin Boards as a Part of a Learning Environment Best Practices dictate that you use your bulletin boards. Too often, teachers evaluate each other by how clever their bulletin boards are, especially at the beginning of the school year. Many teachers dip into their own pockets and buy bulletin boards already made, but handmade bulletin boards offer opportunities to: Display Student Work (as models of acceptable or good quality school product.)Support InstructionReinforce desired behaviors Display Student Work Posting student work offers two important impacts on classroom management: Reinforce and motivate students by recognizing their best work product.Model the sort of work that you want students to create. Star Student Work: A dedicated section of the board to post good quality work each week can help motivate students. Project Board: Project-based learning is one way to keep kids excited about learning and fully engaged. In self-contained programs, try rolling from subject to subject: after a big reading project, you start a big science project, or a big inter-subject project, like planning a house or a trip, including making budget (math,) finding a flight (research) and writing an imaginary journal (language arts.) One board could be the project board and turn over every time a new project comes up. Student of the Week: One way to support self-esteem, help students learn about each other and even to do a little public speaking is by having a student of the week. Choose them randomly rather than with any reflection of their behavior (dont decide on Monday that Johnny can no longer be the student of the week because of a bad recess.) Post their picture, a format for each child to tell about favorite foods, television shows, sports, etc. Include some of their work, or if your students portfolio fork, have them choose some papers or project they are particularly proud of. Support Learning Student Boards: Put students in charge of creating a board or boards to go with topics you are studying. Make creating the board (brainstorming, choosing what to find pictures of) a class project. You can have a few students responsible for individual boards, or you can have all students participate by doing research. Teach them how to right click on images online to save them in a file, and then show them how to insert into a Microsoft Word document to print. You will need to check your schools policy for colored output-hopefully you have access to at least one color printer. Word Walls: From kindergarten to graduation, a word wall with important words/terms to learn should be a part of regular instruction. For social studies, you may want to review new terms both as they come up and merely as you are reviewing for assessment. You can involve students in creating the board background (our first will use an undersea theme with sponge painting.) High-frequency words should also be part of word walls, especially with struggling readers. You might want to cluster words with similar endings or with the same irregularity. Interactive Boards: Boards that are puzzles or provide students with practice can be a fun way to use some wall space. A free website provides some fun ideas for interactive boards. Reinforce Desired Behavior There are many ways to reinforce positive classroom behavior. Positive Behavior Support  can include group rewards (a marble jar) awards (best speller, most improved) and homework charts. Your boards can also function to put individual students on notice, either a color chart or color-coded cards.

Historical Background of Contemporary Labor Law Individual Assignment Research Paper

Historical Background of Contemporary Labor Law Individual Assignment - Research Paper Example The board’s decision to punish the employer under section 8(a) (1) was not approved by the court of appeal when the employer did appeal. This decision was taken to the Supreme Court, which granted certiorari and set a stage for oral argument together with Garment Workers v. Quality Mfg. Co., 420 U. S. 276. The case was ruled in favor of the board in 1975 the judge based his ruling on the fact that section 7 has a provision for statutory right of any employee to reject submitting to his or her employer in the absence of representation from the union if he reasonably has fears that this interview will lead to him or her being punished. This case was held in essence of there being a permissible construction of some form of concerted activities, which needed mutual protection that the employee was denied. An employee pursuing representation from the union has the responsibility of representing the entire labor union. The Supreme Court believed some of the cases ruled in the past h ad flaws when compared to cases arising in the current context. The Weingarten right has been extended to those employees without labor union considering that there is need to be represented by a third party who has no stake in the issue at hand for both parties as seen in Epilepsy Foundation of Northeast Ohio, 331 NLRB No. 92, 676 (2000). One of the most serious issues that the labor law seeks to guard against is the employment of minors within any form of work structure. Use of child labor in production of goods was prohibited to such an extent that even transportation and sale of such goods was to be made illegal. This was expressed under the Act of September 1, 1916, c. 432, 39 Stat. 675. This Act was however seen as being unconstitutional since it was deemed to overshadow the commerce power that Congress enjoys and interfering with such powers that is a reserve for the state. This could be well illustrated in Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U.S. 251 (1918) case. A certain bill had bee n filed by a father on his behalf and also as a representative of his two sons who were minors who were employee at the Cotton Mill at Charlotte in North Carolina in view of enjoining the use of Act of Congress with the intention of averting the interstate exchange of goods from child labor. It was held by the district court that the Act was quite unconstitutional and thus entered a decree that enjoined the enforcement. This ruling was based on the fact that this was not in any way meant to regulate the foreign commerce and interstate business practices; that this Act contravened the constitution through the Tenth Amendment; and that it actually does conflict with the Fifth Amendment (Justia). As seen in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheat. 1, the judge ruled on the issue of commerce powers as opposed to prohibition. The powers of commerce were limited to prescribing the rule to govern commerce but not forbidding commerce from interstate transportation of commodities. This was how ever contrary to adjudged cases in the same court which had held that the regulation powers which were given to Congress did include prohibition authority when it comes to movement of such goods. The interstate transportation was only necessary in meeting harmful results which could only be achieved through forbidding use of those facilities which were used in production of such products considered as harmful. The

Focus Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Focus Strategy - Essay Example case, when a business decides to venture into a new and unique line of products or services, the initial costs incurred in developing them does not affect the overall returns. This suggests that the consumers may be willing to pay a premium price for the differentiated products and services that will help offset the costs incurred in making the new products. Furthermore, is because the uniqueness of the products and services allows the firm to enjoy a large percentage of the market share, allowing for immediate returns. The results also indicate that the focus strategy in itself is sufficient to generate returns to the business. This view actually contradicts what was suggested by Michael Porter, who claimed that the focus strategy is not sufficient to assure returns to the business. Therefore, a business may decide to use either the differentiation or the focus strategy or both and still be assured of returns in the short and long term. Secondly, it is clear from the article that when a firm explores strategies that represent unique and rare resources, it is likely to gain a competitive advantage. This is based on the idea that the resources cannot be duplicated by the firm’s competitors. Furthermore, such resources cannot be substituted, making it difficult for other firms to match the competition. If a firm makes use of a resource that is possessed by its competitors, it is likely that the competitors will exploit that resource in a similar way, making it difficult for the firm to use it to gain a competitive advantage. This suggests that for a business to use this strategy, it is important to understand the resources that exist in the business and understand how these resources can be made more profitable by either improving them to make them unique or exploring a completely unique set of resources. This calls for a careful examination of the market trends and the needs of the customers. This will help un derstand the unique products and services that can be